Liquid-fuel burner.



T. B. FERGUSON.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 5, 1912.

1 1 1 1 ,4:48, Patented Sept. 22, 1914.

3 SHEBTS4SHBET 1.

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` .3 E?? w 29 3/ .30 37a 9% .50 5% S V w THE MORRIS PETERS Co.. PHOTO-HTMC., WASHINGTON. D. Cy

T. B. FERGUSON. LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 5, 1912.

Patented Sept. 22, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Milli gl/@mmm HIE NoRRls PETERS L'o.. PHoTuLlrr-lo., WASHINGTON, D. C4

T. R'. FERGUSON. LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 5, 1912.

1 1 1 1 ,448, y Patented Sept. 22, 1914.

a SHRRTS-SHRET s.

rms Nolems PETERS co., PHoro-L/THC., WASHINGTON. D. c.

Beit known 'thatzL .THOMAS B. Fnncusou,v

i a citizenof .thelUnited` States of America,

rand aresident.ofv Brooklyn, city vof lNew wYo-rk,;.c.ounty 4of Kings, and`-State of New fYork, have invented.l certain. new vand useful .Improvementslin vLiquid-Fuel Burners, of

Y whichthe following is a specifications lheating iiame; :the burner being therefore `adapted for 'use5 in Iheaters ofvarious types.l

This` invention .relates to burners for kerosene and otherliquid hydrocarbons and is particularly intendedlfor producing a stoves,v furnaces,` ranges, etc.

kThe]improved burner herein, Vdescribed comprises a fueleheating tube -intoclwhich theoilgisintroduced under pressure, said tube passing above the burnerzproper, so as .to be subjected to` heat from thediame, vandv thence .passing downwardly into the burner :pro-per so that theheated oil,`or`thev gas i, formed by the `heating of thefoil insuchV tube,` may .issue from the lburnergorifice.v

As. burners employing fuel-heating tubes: such :as ydescribed have been constructed heretofore, much `trouble has been'` eXperi-' -eIiced-from formation of carbonor 4tar de-"f` posits inxthe fuel-heating tubedu`e to `the l .xfactthat such tubes in.vpracticeqihavefbeenl s` of airiwhichgjas comparedgwithfthe flame',.

.tact withthe flame.,v n. A In tlieburner yherein describedf the initialr ,heated to too high a temperature,"'. In the burner herein describeddirect contact -ofthe flame; with .the principalportion Vof theJ fuel-heating tubeis avoided, such tube being, infact, so located tliatit `is sur` rounded by a downwardly""moving` current is Arelatively cool; th'eTfuel-heating tube' f being heated in the "main by v'heat radiated from-,the flame,y insteadl of lby direct coni portion of combustion takes placejinja Y. chamber which is substantially fcloseclpexr cept` for` suitable air inlet, and flameoutlet openings',` the shape .of thisl chamber, and

'- .the 4location of' the fiameoutletxopening, being such .thaty thewiiameis spread out-. '-wardly, beingttlierefore, afhollow substan- "tially cylindrical .The objects of luy-.inventionl are diameter. I' o ,V

` My invention.v consists: 1n..;fther; features .i hereinafter., particularly` described v"and set @forth the'appended-claims:` Y i to pro-4 duce a relatively simplea'nd inexpensive :and .very effective: :burneroffthel class' de-- Pear. hereafter.

flame .of considerable LIQUID-ruim BURNER scribed;` to avoid formationoifudeposits` in,

,the fueliheatinga-tube; "and `to `so design the .may be used,- vvhenlfdesired, in the ,open air.

PATENT'QFFIGEA .burner ythat itsflame shall beilittle disturbed z "by external` air, drafts, so that the: .burner Other; objects-"ofV `my@invention will ap AL I will now proceed to describe Vmy invention.y .with referenceyto the accompanying dijawingsy'and willthen `po-int outjthe novel `features'in claims.`

tral .vertical section of one form of my improved burner, mounted upon a Ysuitable tank; Fig. 2 shows asidev elevation of my IIn said drawings;` Figure 1` shows la cen- `iinp'ioved 'burner looking from the right ,sectionofthe burner on 'thegline` m-a of bu-rneion the line of Fig. 2.

:hln the drawings 1 Vdesignates. pressure 1 tank 4,containingthe kerosene ,or other fuel for the burner and 2 a pipe for conveying ,hand sideof Fig. 1, portions of the burner being; .broken awa-y, and other portions shown in section;Y Figi 3 shows a horizontal fFig. 2; Fig. shows a horizontal section cfg VVthe oil from; tank ,ljfto the fuel-heating tube .VThe uppereportioiigof the tank 1 is,-`cus- `-toinarilyp-an;y air-space containing air yor V.othergas. under pressure sufficient toforce the .oilfup into thefuel-heatingtube- Pipe nection't.` projects outwardly from the op` posite side of thebore'ofthe bossa, Vand is connected tol-,one end of the fuel-'heating 2 terminates in= a'nlinternally threaded boss i ofa burner base 5; and a threaded contube. 'Theother end ofthe said fuel-heat- 1i screwiiigyi-nto a suitableA aperture in base 5 K whiclileadsto a `gasconduitr 8 provided4 in burner'baseo. Aconduit y9 .leads from this *gas .conduit 8 and is provided at `its ftop; iwitha burner tiplO having in aburnerv orifice 11.7 `A needle lvalvew1`2 regulates the lflow ofoil into `the -fuel-heatingtube and SO regulatesitheiow of gasto the burner `orifice 11.@M A

jingvtube jis connected tova* v"connection 7 Y The space 'immediately Zabove. the

Yburner oriiice` 11 constitutes aninitialcom- .bustion space, thisspace being inclosed by a twopart shell lll- 15, member 14 having in to one side, "as indicated in Fig. 1. The section 14 of the said shellhasprOjeCting 'from it suitable'fair inlet'openingsl and member having` near its top'afgasexit opening` 17, y ,suchv opening'17 being preferably somewhat -itfaplatform 18. Above the meinbervloff, ,l

' `bell-shaped member 19 constituting a flame-p Xthey'initial-combustion chamber shell is a guard and flame-deflec'tor. This member 19 'is supported by screws 20 of the platform 18, by means of which screwsthe height of the member 19` with reference to the member l may be adjusted as desired. The interior` .of this member 19 of course constitutes a said; fuel-heating tube, eXcept where 'the llegs of rthe fuellheatino4 tube pass transversely across the path of the flame, opposite further combustion chamber. Upon this -member'19 rests a further-flame deflector 'and draftdirector, `21,I which member '21 in practiceis of two-part construction, its two parts being secured together by' means of boltsy22, said member21 restingfupon the :flame vguard 19. f r[his flame-deflector 21 has a depending skirt 23. Thevflame, issuing from the orifice 17 offburner shell 15, is 'g directed downwardly and as a flame annulus,

byfdefiector 19, and issues through lthe an nular space between the lower edge ofthe deflector 19 and theplatform 18, spreading horizontally until lit passes the lo-Wer edge of the skirt 23,a'nd then rising moreor less directly. formed'incloses the fuel-heating tube 3 but `does not, ordinarily, directly contact with the lip at the bottom of deflector 19; and

these two points'of contact of the flame of"V lthe 'fuel-heating tubev are extremely short 'and moreover conditions are such at 4these points that `contact ofthe flamewith 'the bythe gas itself, inits passage between shell f v-fliel-heating tube is not harmful;

downwardly flowing current of air, induced d v'le-land flame-deflector 19, the deflector `19 having in it air admissionports 24 .through which. this vdownwardly flowing current ofair passes'to mingle with the outgoing flame. The flame deflector 19 has at top a boss 25, externally grooved or corrugated, as is the upper surface of said deflector v19 ;-andthe portion 26 of the deflector 21 which surrounds this boss is spaced awayl thereform and 'flaresloutwardly and upwardly, forming therefore, asto the down-A wardly flowing air current,r a contracting vpassa`, ,e leading such aircurrent to the air` admission openings .24. lVithin the deflector 419 is a secondary deflector`27, 'above` vissuing through opening 17.

"i The platform 18 is provided with Various 4Therising flame annulus thusp In the.` space within this annular `flame there is` a draft openings, 29, 30, Yand beneath said platform 18- there. is a trough 31 adapted to containV water; said trough being supported `bythe platform 18 and being also provided with draft ports 31a substantially register- `ing with the draft ports 29 ofplatform 18. The watercontained in this trough is vaporized by heal-i radiated from the flame and by heat conducted through the metal structure of 'the `burner,".the water vapori thus produced minglingwith the flame-landmaterially f modifying the. .character of 1 the 1flame,l producing a muchfhotter flame than would otherwiserbe obtained, and one which 'is much less likely1 todepositicarbon. Water is supplied to Fig. 2.

this trough throughy a pipe l32, 'The platformlS supportedfrointhe top space f is surrounded by a "series of `suitably 31, 35 and 36, above which grid37 upon which particles to be heated may be placed, `this grid being supported from the yplatform 1 18 by'posts 38. A. Y

The action of this burner, supposing it to be already in operation, is as follows: Oil,

` forced upward from the tank 1'to pipe 2, by

the pressure of the compressed air `or other.

gas in said tank, passes into the fuel-heating tube 8, and in passing through said tubeisv subjected-to heat radiated inward from Vthe `hollow I cylindrical flame surrounding said ltube and passing up through'thespace Vbeitween flame-guards ljand 36; the iradiation of such heat. being vmodified "as to itsinliuencefon the fuel-heating .tubeyby the of tank `1 by anumber oflegs 33; The flame arranged concentricperforate "flame-guards downwardly flowing current "of relatively. 'L

the deflector l21, and thence passes. into thel draft ports 24. W'here-the sides ofthe fuelheating tubepass through thefiame, as they do justfabove platform 18V they aretranslcold airwhich enters thecont'racting top of verse to the path of the flame, the portion lof* the tube` so passing fthroughthe flame being therefore, lvery small. Moreover," inl one of "such portions ofthe fuel-,heatingV tube, the

oil is'stilltoo cold vto be' vapori'z'ed,A whereas in the other such portion of the tube the oil exists inthe formof `a vapor; therefore' the 'ldirectfaction of the Aflame on these small portions of thetubewill not cause formation ofv l deposits -in either lcase.

By reason ofthe substantial freedom of the fuel-heating tube from actual contact with the flame and by the reason ofthe modifying action ofthis downwardly flowing aircurrent, the fuel-l h'ea-ting tube is maintained at a relatively moderate temperature which, however, isv

sufficiently I high .to thoroughly vaporize f the oil, or to heat the oilA to a temperaturesuch that when it emerges from the burner orifice 11 it immediately turns intoyapor, but withcracking of the'oil, such as re '-sults Yin formation oflcarbon or tar deposits.y

l i. modifyingthe flame and increasing` its heat- Y tected at itspointofinception by' the struc-uf `may also beobtained by varying the height l ticularly in Figs. 2 and 4 andwhich consists `vaporizing tube44 thence out through r-The outerend lof'this 9, emergingthrough ,Owing to th @the fuel-heating tube3, thefgasissues from 'the burner .f orifice `11 vwith vgreat velocity, `Combustion beginsvv ordinarily within the f gases are `deflected l Askirt 23 of the deflector 21, A -more or less' directlyupward inwthefform of l a flame lannulus;

and 36, that' ityis the needle valve screws 20. -fThis adjustment must of course y somewhat to -one sure.` thorough mixture ,combustible gases.4

- to say,

'14*15-21. and the ,i "leading from-a ybase i 16,0

tube passes into the gasjfoonduit 8 `of the burner base 5 and thenceuprthrough conduit `theburmn A.orifice 11. v e pressure maintained within drawing '1n' airs through :the airports 16.

structure 14.*'15 `and `as `the partly burned downwardfby the deflectors 27 and 19, theyV drawin `air. through of the gases. `The zllame gases pass beneaththe loweredge of the Ideli'ector 19, and.'` below the-,edge of thel and thence pass rDuring the` progress of the gases: as described,considerahle water vapor, resulting from evaporation. of` waterv in the trough 31, ismingled withthem,

ing power; 5 `The heat thus produced beneath the grid r37 `is very intense and, being well. diffused, 'is well `.calculated to heat rapidly.' and efficientlyobjects placed uponithis grid 37., At thesame time, the flame is sopro.-`

ture 14`15+19, and `thereafter by the plat-i form `18, dellector 21, fand flame' guards 34 :very little-affected by even by strong winds.` regulated by means of 12. kVariation of characteri ofthe flame, through `'a considerable range,

external air. drafts,` The flame is readily the of the y.flame delector 19, 4 with respect to dOWn `the be effected while the burner is not in use:

Owing to the` fact that llame orice 17 is` side ofthe axis, the llame has a peculianrotary` motion within the burner which motionhelps to insure thon. ough mixture of` the air with the combustibleigases; The frequentchanges in direcsuch as caused by deflector downward byndeflector 19, also help to in` offthegair with the l l' F orstarting the burner into action, that is for heating up the structure V' fuel-heating tube 3, employ' `a starting, burner. `39- illustrated parof a Bunsen tube 40 havinga'ir ports 41 and i 42 towhich oil is ad-` mitted, from the -tank.1, 1by1means of a pipe, `43. The oil thus admittedfpasses through `a back from pipe47 tothe within gas conduit 9`and back into-base 42 and.

ItheBunsen tube 40. Bunsen tubeis perforated, as shownjpar'ticularly in Fig. 4,-suchl The flame thus produced Win heat the Smau starting burner opening the needle starting burner will project into the structure 14-15 a flame structure and 'the `fuel-heating tube 3 -Very rapidly. `When this fuel-heating tube 3 has been sufficiently heated, the main burner may bestarted `by opening needle valve12.`A

The `pipe 43, supplying fuelto thestarting burner, is connected at its lower end to two small pipes 431 and 432, of which 431 `terminatesinthe air space inthe upper portion of-tank'l, while pipe 432 extends down into the body of liquid in saidtank. Asa result, both airandoil are supplied by tanklto pipe 43, air being supplied through pipe 43.1 andoil through pipe 432,. By reason ofthis supply ofair as well-as oillthrough ypipe 43, Very; little heating of the starting .burner is required before thevapor escaping from said burner will-ignite.` i 1l .l i Themain burner herein described Sis capable of making gas in considerably;greater` .quantity than required for the burner itself; and since it is frequently desirable to 4maintain an illuminatingiflame or other small sufficient to heat `up that y 39 very quickly` and this f burner maythen be started ,inoperationby l valve 46, whereupon-the flame in Aaddition to the4 main flame of the j burner, in suchvcases Al provideavalve 46 connecting with the gas conduitl 8 ofzthe burner base and communicating with a, pipe 47 leadingvto any suitable point, as for example Yto a valve 48 to burner may be secured. A pipe 471 leads interior of flame deflector 19, the inner end of this pipe 471 being closed by aplug 472, except for a very smallhole through such plug.,v This` pipe 471 serves to lead into the main flame liquid which' may accumulate in the `upper portionV of pipe47 and; in Vvvalve 48, due to condensation or othercauses'. y The' burner base` 5 `is trough 49 to receive any the` main burner. 'iSaid further provided with a provided `with Aa possible drip `from burner base,` .=5` `is cleaning. rod;.`50, mounted upon;` the end of a screw 51 passingthrough. asuitable stuingbox of' base 5. Normally,this cleaning rod 50 is backed away vfromburnerlori-` ice 1.1; fbutif for any reason burner Orifice lllbecomes obstructed the cleaning rod may be:forced through such orifice bywmeans of screw 51, so clearing `such orifice Voi anyob.- struction.` .The end of the screw `51, being adapted to seat against the lowerend ofy tube 9,' forms :a valve, supplemental. to valvel which,` a1 ,suitable for regulating the action of the burner; land l they rod'O Jforms af valve, jsince when vin, or to, orifice 1l, it restricts orifice.

lin ,close proximity flow through that .further supplemental `In acompanion application filed January Y I have illustrated diifering in certain features of construction.

'What l claim is i 11A` liquid fuel proper, comprising y burner comprising -fini .combination -a yburner i'iameldeflecting means adapted to convert the -flame of.; said burner into" a widelyl lspread flame annulus, a fuel-heating `'tube the'` major portion yof which ,passesy through when 4the yburner is in operation, nected to the `burnerproper to thereto, all portions of'said tube thespace included inside such fflameannulus" Aand consupply gas z whichr may y norimallyfbe in the path of the llame being` arranged transversely to rsuch path, andimeans' for supplying heating;l tube'.

2. .A @liqui combination a burner proper, comprising i flame-deecting rvmeans adapted to` convert v y space inelosed by such' thel `flame of said burner into ahwidelyd fuel burner comprising in".

liquid fuel to said -fu'elf burner "orifice51 spread flame annulus, a fuel-heatingftube thelvmajorv portionof which passesthroughv tliespace included inside such flame annulus when' theburner is in operation, nected to the burner proper thereto, all'portions of' said tube which may normally'be in the path of the flame beingi and conto `supply gasa arranged Atransversely to such path, and,

means for supplying;-

heating tube, said `liquid fuel to said fuel'- j burner Ifurther f comprisi ing means for- ;produ'cing a downdraft of airvwithin the space surrounded by such annulus andV in the vicinity of the portion of i theffuel-lieating tube passing space.V Y 3. A' liquid`v fuel burner comprising v in 4throu gh suoli combinationda` burner proper comprising i flame-deflecting'means arranged to causetlie flameftospread out nearly horizontally and thenceto passupward inthevformwof an annulus, a return-bend fuelheating tube the ma] or portion of which is 4located within the annulus when the burner is in operation', the two legs of such tube :passing throughr the horizontal portion o fthe Aflame transversely,4 said 'fuel-heating tubeiconnected at one end to the burnerL proper;t nd'means for supplying liquid 'fuel tothe other end of 'such fuel-heating tube.

Affliquid fuelL burner coniprising-in combination a burner proper comprisingi flamesdeflecting meansfarranged to icause the flame -to lspread-out nearlyhorizontally and thence to pass upward in" the 'form' offan annu'lus, anreturn-bend fuel-'heating tube 'the major portiony of which is located within the 'convert f theA air y'admission ports.`

'veying gas jfromA said" lcombination ay shell space inclosedf i byV .such-L` annulus== when f the burner is in operation, the two legs of :such tube passingthroug'h the horizontal portion of the flametransversely, said fuel-heating -tubeconi'iectedl fat one fend to the .burner proper kand means!` for'supplying liquid fuel to I' the other 1 end "of such* -fuelfheating tube, said burner"furthercomprising means for producing. a'fdowndraft of air within the spacesurrounded by vicinity. Voffth'eiportion of the fuel-heating tubepassingithrou'gh such space."

- 561A ,liquidfueljburner comprising jin' combination a shell inclosingan initial com- "bustionichamberp said shelll having in' :its lower portion air inletlports and a burner Yorifice P and having ini Iits 1f upper "p ortion ia flame forilice,` ai flame ,deflector `hav-ing a top above .suchl shell, and having sides extending downward f. from said ftopgfand arranged to flame into' an annulus, ai fuelheating :tube passing throughlrthe space 'such vannulus and iin' the L75 'so l above such;deflectorimeansfor .conveying gas from` saidyzfuel-heating ltube to' said yand jmeansA for supplying liquid :fuel to said fuel-heating tube.

6. A .liquid fuel "burner comprising in combination a sh lli inclosing 'an' initial combustion chamber, :said shell'l'having infits lower yportion air inletwports'an'd a burner orificeandf `having in'its upper. portion a fiameorifice, a' flame deflector having a top above such shell, andhaving-'sides extending downward fromsaid top, and arranged'to i an annulus, a'ifuelthrough fthe sp ace above suclifdeflector;

gasl from said v"fuel-heating tubev to said means Tfor conveying vas', y

burner =orifice ,^aiid umeans-for supplying liquid .fuelto deflectorf providedA infit's,Y upper portion with 7 Aliquid combination asliell inclosing an initial combi'istion chamber, said shell having'inits lower portion air 'inlet portsand` affburner orifice andhavingin'ts 'upper-portion a llame-orifice,l a bell-shaped flamedeflector `above suchvv shelli'having -downwardlyfextendingisides-fsaid deflector arranged lto con- 1 yvert the Hamel into" an annulus, ing tube passing through-the space above a fuel-heat-V such bell-shaped deflector, means for confuel-heating tube to- 'said fuel-heating tube,said

YIll() said burnerorifice, yand meansfor supplying 11"'23 liquid fuel fto said fuel-heating tube, said,

deflector provided inl itsupper portion with fair-admission ports; i

= 8. Adiquid" fuel burnergjcomprising inv 4in'closing 2 an initial combustion chamber, 4said 'shell'fhaving in its Y lower portiony air inlet ports"and'-a-;bur1ier orifice- =and Y flame' orifice, a-fl'ameideliector above such shell having. downwardlyiextending i sides,

havingain its uppera port-ion 'a through the Space i above such into an: annulus,

heating tube, and` 1a further yflame-deflector i g 9. YA Vliquid yfuel ,burnercomprising in combination a `surrounding said first-named deflector and arrangedfto causethe `flame to spread out still more-widely. v 1

y `shell inclosingan initial combustion! chamber, said, Ashell i having 1n its lower portion air inletports and'v a'burner tion *chamben a downwardly fromy said llame orifice and' into an` -annulus, with fair admis-H a contracting draft-director lo-` said dellectorf andV arranged to' direct ado `nwardly flowing current of pair 1 said deflectorl into an annulus, 20l

- heating tube, said deflecto arranged to'y direct 'the from saldr flame orifice,

flame orifice, a

l said Adeflector provided orifice and having in "its upper portion a deflector, above such downwardly extending sides, arrangedf-to convert the flame a fuel-heating tube passing through" them space above such .i deiieetor7 means; for conveying heating tube to said `burner orifice, and means -forsupplying liquid fuel to 'said fuelilame orifice, a flame? shell having- -upper portion withair-admissionports, and

ar contracting draftfdirector located above saidl deflector andarranged Ito "direct a downwardly flowing current of fair toward the "air admission 'portsfof said deflector.`

l().f A` fuel burner nationa shellv inclosing anQinitial combusportion air inlet ports fand a-Ybu'rner orifice andhaving in its upper portionI aflame orifice, a` lliame deflectorabove suchshell, and flame 'f downwardly and to convert the flame into an vided `withy air` tracting draft-director located above* `said deflectorand arranged to directfa downwardlyV flowing current of airv toward` the air admission `ports of-s'aiddeflector, said draft-director having in its; outwardly extending portion ditional flame deflector,` whereby the flame passing beneath the lower edge ofthe first-` named `deilector is spread out yet more widely.` r1 1 I`11. yA` liquid fuel burner `comprising in combination a shell inclosing'an'initial combustion fchamber, p lowerl portion air inlet ports andfa burner orifice and having inl` its upper portion 'a annulus,

to convert the llame sion ports, cated above toward the Hector, said `draft-director having in `its `lower part an outwardly extending portion gas from. said fuel-n r provided in its comprising in combisaid shell having in its lower;

said deflector. pro-- admission ports', and a con-- lower-*part anforming an a'dsaid vshell having in its ame deflector above suclr` shell land arranged to direct the flame air admission ports ofl-fsaid de-` 'forining an additional" flame deflector, whereby the llame passing beneath the lower edge of thevfirst-named deflector is spread out yet/more widely, a fuel-heating tube passing: throughtthe space above said firstnamed deflector"y and said draft-director, means for conveying gastrom said fuelheating tube to "said burner orifice, and means forV supplying'liquid fuel to 'said' fuel-heating tube. V

`12. A burner comprising in combination a shell Iinclosing an initial combustion cham-- ber, said shell having in its lower portion air inlet portsk and a burner orifice and having in its upper portion a Haine orifice, a flame defiector above such shell having downwardly extending sides, ranged. to spread out the llame and convert it into Aan annulus, and a further flamevde- Hector located within l said 'first-named de- Hector and removably secured thereto, and also located abovesaid flame orifice.

313.1A burner comprising in combination* shell inclosing an initialY combustion `cham-v ber,-said's`hell having in yits lower portion air` inlet ports and Y a burner lorifice VA and `having iny its upper portion a ilameforifica-a flame defiector above 1such shell having downwardly extending sides', saidideflector arranged to spread out the flame and convert ,it into"V an annulus,

sa'idfdeflector having air admission ports in its upper part," and a further fiame delector, "named deflector f admission ports.

' a burner orifice located l within said firstlocated above Vsaid name said second thereto, .and also orifice,

` '14. A'burner comprising a shell Qi'nclosing yan `initial .combustion chamber, said shell` proportioned as tolbreadth 'for combustion within it and formediin twopartsythe'lower ofwhich hasni-burner orifice `and air,v inlet ports',vthe upper portion of whichshell rests lower portion and` is" "110 flame oriice-,andpro removably upon the provided"'with"a fla'rneorifice, vvandy a flame deflector `above said' v vided A'with a depending portion extending outside Vsaid yshell below the center of Asaid flame orifice and adapted to directl the flame downwardly and outwardly, i

l5. "A burner comprising a shell inclosing an initial combustion chamber," said shell formed in twoparts,the lowerof which has and air'inlet ports, and is provided' witha y projecting flange forming al burner-platform,

the upper portion of lwhich shell rests removably upon saidlwer por- ,andl provided tion and is provided with a llame orifice,

andra flamedeflector above said flame orifice with adependingpo'rtion eX# tending below the center of saidflainerifice andadapted todi'rect the flame 'downwardly and' outwardl said deflector ait deflector also `having airf 16. A burnercomprising a'shellincl'sing anv initial *Combustion* ehmb, sai-d 'shell portion of .n l u saidlower lportion and is provided with av 1 flame orifice, the axis of said flame lorilicev l burnerplatform,4 a

formed in two parts,1'th.e lower of which has a burner orifice and air inlet ports the upper which shell rests removably upon located to one side of the axis of the shell.

v17. A burner comprising' a shell inclosing an initial combustion chamber, said Shell formed in two parte; the lower of which has a burner orifice and air inlet ports, the upper portion :of which shell rests removably upon said lowerxportionand iswprovided with a flame orifice, the axisV of saidlflame orifice locatedtooneside of the axisof the shell, andflaflame deflector above said shell and arranged 'to said orificedownward and thencev outward inlthe form of fan f annulus.

1. 18.J1 A. flour-ner comprising 1 a an"-ii`iitial` combustion.' chamber, said shell formed intwo'parts, the lower of which has a burner orifice and air inlet ports, and isl provided r with a "projecting flange forming which shell restsireinovablyfupon said 1lower portion1v andw is 1 provided with fa flame orificeg'- andfa vHaine deflector f above-said shellandf havingV sides extending-fdownward-into proX-' imity to saidplatf'o'rm andarranged to causej the flame issuing ffro'mleaid 1flame orifice to pass between the-,lower edgefof'said deflector and 'fthesaid' burner platform.

` 192; A1burner'comprisinga yshell inclosing:

,unf-initial 1 combustion 1 cli-amber', 'said f shell formed `iii-two parts, thelower; of which has apburner lorifice andair inlet ports, and is1 provided with a pro'iecting flangef-fo'rming ayburnerl-platform, the' upper portion of which shell rests removably upon-said lower portion Sand is providedwith 1 a flame' orifice, aiflame deflector above 'saidtshell and having Sides?A extending downwardji'intot4 proximityv to f said platform 1 and arranged 1 .to cause the flame issuing-ifrom'said flameorice to pass 45 between thelower 'edge-of Asaid deflector and the said-burner platform,and `'a further flame deflector abovesaid first-mentioned `de'- flector, and havingF1 an outwardly' extending1 and :1 downwardlly-extendinefy lower portion 1'arranged to spread-fthe flame-yet1 more Widelyi' Y ,1 v

1 A burner 'cornprisin'gan1 combination a shell inclosing an initial 1 combustioncham-l ber, saidshell having'airinlet-ports and 'af i bur-nerfzoriice. and having in itsupper por@ tion?af-flame11 forifice,v said shellv 1 further provided with anjv outwardly extending-ported? i deflectorf above saidflame' ori-fic'eparranlged Ito deflect the lflame downiwardlynf-towardsaidl platform fand thence outwardly-1 and. 1a vwaterftrough'I beneath f said -plat-formfeanfd supported @thereby 1 and y are ranged to mingle water vapor witbtheame -1 andfdraft currents ofg the burnen z' vi A-burnerccomprising combination ja deflect the flame issuing; from1 shell inclosi'ng shellrinclosing an initial combustion Chain-f ber, said-shell having in its 'lower portionA v iir'inletports and a burner orifice; and hav-y l ing 1in itsv upper portion a flame orilice,i.said sliell further provided with an' outwardly extending' burnerfplatform, a flame deflector above-said shell arranged to dellectthem flame from said orilicedownwardly and outwardly, vand a foraminous -fiaine vguard inclosingy the flame-space outsideiofsaid flame-1A deflector, and' abovel saidplatformb1 f 22. Aj burner comprising' 1in combination 1a shell inclosing an initial combustion cham' loert said shell havingv in its lower portion air inlet ports and'a'burner1orice,'andihaviiign its upper portion-a-flame orifice, said shell.; further provided with 1an outwardlyT extending burner platform,l a Y'flame de?.v1 g leetorabovesaidqsh'ell arranged to deflectV the flame froinqsaid orificedownwardlyand outwardly, and a plurality 1 of1 foraminous flame guards located one within-another,1 and inclosing `the f lameepaceoutside of saidif flame-deflector-- n I 1 f 1 23. A- burnercompiis'i1ig in combination-av shell. inclosing' an initialgcombustion -cham- 1 ber, ,said shell having air( inlet ports and? a burner orifice 1 and 1 having-gin its upper por-1` tion a flame orifice,1a bell-Shaped flame'dee- (lector above said' shell, said flame fdeflector 95; having 1. Vin yits y upper 1 portion air-admission1 ports, and havingA 1in itsiupper ,externalsur facechannels leadingyto said ports', andrea, contracting ,draftdirector; resting upon rSaid flame deflec'tor.-v V1 j 11'," 1 1 24. A burner; comprising 4,a burner tipxhav-` i ing a burner orifice, .1 means for'gc'onveying 1' gas tozsuchorifice,v1 flame-guarding' and flame-deflecting-vpmeans comprising 1Ineanscompletely inclosing an yinitial lcombustion-V 1 chamber vthrough which the 11j etfffrom 'such burner oriice 1.13asses,-.and comprising 'alsoi defiecting -means '1 arranged-to yconvertfthe jet1 1 into an anniilus-11and to1-dellect1the1samesf downwardly and:outwardlygfanda fuel-heating tube; connected `to iSaid gasconveying771V meaiis.,andg` locatedA in the Jmai-n-fvabove `said flamedeflecting means Y y 1 25. A burner comprising a burner tip 'hav-1v 'ing a fburne'r `-ori1fi'ce1,1 y-mejariisfor conveying gaa to suchf orifice-,11 a flaneiguard-ing` and flamerdefylecting, Structure;-1eomprising means i completely inclosinganfinitial "combustion-:1J chamber thro-ugh; which; the jet from fsuch 1 burnerorifices passes, and compri-'sing also deflectingmeans: arranged tog conver'tfthe jet 5 1 into` aniannulustandto deflect1-1theffsame'ff ydownwardly and youtwardly, such '11structure-s provided with airportefleading1to1theinitial r` 1 ifo iro

veying means,

. leading into the interio p "ing means, and a .fuellheating tube, con# .arranged to project into suchinitial ranged to deflect eflectinglstructure comprising means burner orifice passes, 'andcomprising also deflecting means arranged to convert' tlfiejet into' an-"annulus landto deflect `the same .downwardly andlloutwardly, suchstruoture provided-'with air ports leadingto the initial combustion chamber,

and with air ports nected to said gas-conveying means,..and

. l0Cate d in themain above said flamewdeflectw ingnieans. y Y u..

` 27. A burnercomprising a burner tip having a burner orifice, means for conveying gas to such orifice, a flame-guarding and flame-deflecting structure co-mprisiiigmeans completely inclosing an initial coriibustion` chamber through which the jet ,froml such burner orice passes, and comprising also deflecting lmeans arranged to convert the `jet into an annulus .and to deflect the samedownwardly and outwardly, such structure providedwith `a port leadinginto the initial Vcombustion chamber, and a starting-burner flame through suchvport combustion chamber, and a fuel-,heating tube, connected to said gas-conand locatedin `the main above said flame dellecting means.

`28. A burner comprising upwardly-directed flame-projecting means and a defleotor thereabove` comprising means arsuch `flame downwardly and outwardly as an annulus, and a fuelheating tube above said dei'iector and'con-` nected to said flame-projecting means.

29.` A' burner comprisingv upwardly-diflector thereabove flame-projecting means. 30. A burner Icomprising upwardly-die rected flame-projectingfmeans, a. deflector` thereabove arrangedftfofdefleet such lflame downwardly and outwardly-as an annulus,

a fuel-heating tube 'above said deflector and connected to said flame projecting means, and a platformbeiieath .said deflector arranged to spread the flame annulus outwardly.v

8l. vA burner comprising upwardly-diL reoted flame-.projecting means, a deflector thereabove arranged'to deflect such flame` downwardly and `outwardly as an annulus, and a platform beneath both said flame ,delector and said platform providedwithair admission means J through whichiair ma lprojecting means,

i and a fuel-heating rected i flame-projecting above said delector and;

duce vapor to said deflector arrranged to spread the` `flame annulus out" `wardly,

currents of the burner.

, 373A -burner comprising upwardly-directed dame-projecting means,` a deflector thereabove arranged downwardly and outwardly as anian'niilus,

wardl'yy both through which rair-may be'drawn in tornin- .zwlierein water may be evaporated to profducevapor to minglevwith the air 1andV flame currents of the burner.

A vburner comprising upwardly-directed flame-projecting. means,` `a guard which surrounds the space above such flamea deflector above said guard and arranged to `deflect; the flame downwardly and outwardlyas a flame annulus surrounding a portion of said guard, tube above said deflector and connected to means.

34. A burner comprising upwardly-dimeans, a guard which. surrounds the space abovesucli flameprojecting iiieans, 4a defiector above said guard and arranged todeflectthe flame downwardly and outwardly as a i'iame annulus surrounding a said deflector having air admission means through which air may be drawn in to mingle with the flame.V`

35. A burner comprising upwardly-directed flame-projecting Xmeans, a guard which surrounds the space above such Hameprojecting means, a deflector above said guard and arranged` 4to defiect the flame rected flame-projectiiig meansand ra de-'"d arranged to deflect such. flamedownwardlyand outwardly as ananownwardly and outwardly as a flame annuliis surrounding said deflectordiaving air admission means said flame proj ectiiig said "flai'iiedeflector and said platform provided with airfadmissionmeans portion of said guard, l

a portion of said guard,

through which air may be drawnin to mingle with the flame, and a platform beneath said deflector and likewise provided with air admissionmeans.

36. A burner comprising upwardly-dif` reoted flame-projecting means, a guard which surrounds the space above such flameprojecting means, a deflector.v above said guard and arranged .to deect theflame downwardly and outwardly asa flameannulus surrounding a portion of said guard, said defleotor liavingair admissionlmeans through which air'may be drawn in to mingle with the ame, and platform beneath likewise provided with` air admission means, and a water trough x said deflector and wherein water may beevaporated to promingle `with to" deflect the `flame the air and flame i ,doyvprvrdly andofoutwardlyfas av flameA am-l nulus, .a plat-form beneath said deeetor yand s ezfews z mounted in sald platform and .upon which saidl defieetor, rests,4 said screws condeeetor may be Varied.`

a flame deflector` n .projecting means, said deflector ,arranged vto .direct thev amebaCkWarMyf and, out- Wardly-asan annulus, andvaiflamefguatrd pg Witnesses.-

f THQMASBQFERGUSQN. l`

saidame guard' havn-1g a- AHamme;orifice10'- feated to one sldeottheaxrsgof saldjflamle-I 'projectingmeans ff',j, Q In testimony; whereof Lhaye Sghedgths speeoatlon -n :the `presence oftwo subscrib- AVVii-nesses:-` V MARBLE' t QD. AQDAVIES-x" I .'Washmgtom- D. C.

t y', Copies of this patent may be obtained forfve cents each, by addressing they Commissionerof' friatnt, n 

